recently completed a doctorate at the Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, Germany. His PhD thesis examined diverse seabed uses such as undersea cables, seabed mining, and undersea pipelines in Indonesia. In this research project, his work particularly tries to fathom how diverse seabed uses redefine our ways of thinking about the seabed geopolitically beyond the sterile legal and geological definition of the seabed to capture dispute, conflict, and environmental injustice often invisible in this physical space.

Dr. Saputra’s thesis titled, “Go Offshore, Go Deeper: Benthic Geopolitics off the Bangka and Belitung Islands, Indonesia.” is archived here: http://oops.uni- oldenburg.de/7036/